William (Letitia) Penn’s House

Alexander Lawson after J.J. Barralet, portrait of Sir William Penn, 1797. National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution.

Henry Sheldon’s 23rd spindle procured for his Windsor chair allegedly comes from the William Penn house in Pennsylvania. William Penn is an interesting character in American history and had a huge impact on the state of Pennsylvania specifically, which is probably why Sheldon wanted to procure a relic from his home. Though the significance of the spindle lies in William Penn’s legacy, the reality is more complicated.[1]

Born into a high class family in England, Penn was groomed by his father to take his place as the head of the family.[2] After attending Christ Church College in Oxford and having a tough experience there, Penn questioned his religion and eventually converted to become a Quaker.[3] This led to imprisonment along with nineteen other Quakers for attending a meeting in 1667.[4] After being released from prison, Penn was then kicked out of his father’s house before being imprisoned a second time in the Tower of London for denouncing the Holy Trinity.[5] It was his third imprisonment that made him the both polarizing and national figure that he is recognized as today. After multiple more arrests for his Quakerism, Penn concluded that there was little hope for religious tolerance in England and began to play with the idea of sailing for America.

Stereoview of the “Letitia Penn House,” Philadelphia, circa 1863. The Library Company of Philadelphia.

He received land from the crown as a settlement for debts they owed his father and sailed for America in August of 1682.[6] Upon arrival, Penn successfully founded Pennsylvania. The state was focused on creating a highly tolerant and accepting culture that was lacking from his life in England. Most of the significance of the relic lies in William Penn’s historical presence in American history. At the time when Sheldon acquired the relic, the house it was procured from was thought to have been the primary residence of William Penn, built by Penn in 1682 and given to his daughter Letitia in 1701. Originally located in the “Old City” of Philadelphia (on Letitia Street between Market and Chestnut streets), the house was moved in 1883 to the Fairmount Park neighborhood for preservation. By the 1930s, subsequent research indicated the house had been misidentified and had no connection to Penn, but when Sheldon bought the wood, he believed it to be legitimate.[7]

Detroit Publishing Company, postcard of the “William Penn House” in its new location in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia (moved 1883), circa 1913-1918. The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Photography Collection, The New York Public Library.

Sheldon purchased the relic from William McKay Heath around the time of the house’s move to Fairmount Park.[8] Not much information has been historically documented about William Heath as a person or what his life story is. Sheldon does not seem to have known him very well, recording his name incorrectly in the Memorial Chair notebook as “McKay Keith.” What we do know is that he corresponded with Henry Sheldon regarding the potential to trade for the barrel of a specific rifle.[9] According to the letterhead he used in this correspondence, Heath was a rare book and art dealer.[10] Being located in Philadelphia and being employed in such a profession explains his access to the three relics he sold to Sheldon.

Detail from Henry Sheldon’s purchase ledger, 1884, indicating that Sheldon purchased the relic of the Letitia Penn House for 25 cents.

Along with a piece of wood from Letitia Penn’s house, Sheldon also purchased a relic from the the Centennial Building in Philadelphia.[11] Sheldon likely included these three relics because of their patriotic historical relevance even though the three had little to do with Vermont specifically.

Sheldon had written to Heath in pursuit of Philadelphia materials in mid-January of 1884, noting in his diary that he had “sent to Phila for some relics.”

Henry Sheldon’s diary entry for 14 Jan. 1884.

Sheldon seems to have prized these objects, referring to them in a diary entry as his “bundle of old gems from Philadelphia” when they arrived a few weeks later, in early February of 1884.

Henry Sheldon’s diary entry for 6 Feb. 1884.

Of all of the relics featured in the chair, the three relics from Philadelphia are incredibly significant to American history in a greater context. On top of that, they give the chair a more national dimension that would not be there to the extent that it is with them. Unfortunately, it seems as though Sheldon was mislead in believing that the relic actually came from William Penn’s house as aforementioned. The Letitia Penn House actually is not believed to have been built until between 1703-1715, a full 20-30 years after Penn sailed for present-day Pennsylvania.[12] Though this takes away from the relic’s larger significance, it also adds a unique dimension. Relics have been faked and falsely procured for centuries, and this is an example of Sheldon mistaking his relic for one of more significance.

-Grayson W. Ahl ‘19.5

 

Footnotes

[1] Henry Sheldon, “Acquisition Leger,” Sheldon Museum Archive.

[2] Andrew R. Murphy, “From practice to theory to practice: William Penn from prison to the founding of Pennsylvania,” History of European Ideas 43:4 (2017): 317-330.

[3] Ibid.

[4] Ibid.

[5] Ibid.

[6] Ibid.

[7] Fiske Kimball, “The Letitia Street House,” Bulletin of the Pennsylvania Museum vol. 27, no. 149 (May, 1932): 147.

[8] Letter from William McKay Heath to Henry Sheldon, 9 September 1884. Letter 884509, Sheldon Museum Archive.

[9] Ibid.

[10] Ibid.

[11] Ibid.

[12]  Kimball,  149.

 

A letter from William McKay Heath to Henry Sheldon requesting the barrel of the “miss. rifle” in return for his choice of three options outlined by Heath. – September 9th, 1884, letter 884509. Henry Sheldon Archive.

 

Works Cited

Kimball, Fiske, “The Letitia Street House,” Bulletin of the Pennsylvania Museum 27:149 (May, 1932): 147-152.

Murphy, Andrew R., “From practice to theory to practice: William Penn from prison to the   founding of Pennsylvania,” History of European Ideas 43:4 (2017): 317-330.

Sheldon, Henry, “Acquisition Leger,” Sheldon Museum Archive.

“Letter from William McKay Heath to Henry Sheldon,” September, 9th 1884. Letter 884509, Sheldon Museum Archive.

Ullman Manufacturing Co, William Penn House, Digital Public Library of America.

Colonel John Chipman’s Barn

A portrait of John Chipman from Henry Sheldon’s portrait scrapbook.

Henry Sheldon’s second spindle in his Windsor chair was procured from the barn of Colonel John Chipman of Middlebury, Vermont. In large part, the significance of the spindle comes from the barn’s owner and his historical impact on the town of Middlebury. Colonel Chipman was born on October 22, 1744 in Salisbury, Connecticut. In the spring of 1766 at age 21, John Chipman set out for Vermont  along with fifteen other men from their homes in Salisbury in search of a homestead.[1] At that point, there wasn’t a single formally constructed house in all of Vermont. When Chipman arrived in the Middlebury area, he decided to stay and begin the process of building a home, while the remaining men pushed on to the area that is Vergennes today. Chipman spent his first summer in Vermont clearing 7-8 acres of land in Middlebury by hand.[2] When the fall of 1766 arrived and Chipman felt underprepared for the harsh Vermont winter, he proceeded to return to his home in Connecticut.[3] Seven years later, Chipman returned to Middlebury in the spring of 1773 to make a permanent home there and formally founded Middlebury, Vermont.[4] Chipman’s role in Middlebury’s history varied over his lifetime. He served as Sheriff of the county from 1789-1801, all the while acting as moderator at town meetings.[5]

At the start of the Revolutionary War, Chipman immediately dropped everything to fight against the British. Colonel Chipman volunteered for the Vermont-centered militia named the “Green Mountain Boys.”[6] The Green Mountain Boys were originally formed in present day Bennington, Vermont as an unofficial militia that was created to protect the property rights of those who were given land grants from New Hampshire.[7] The militia went on to play a significant role in fighting the British in the Revolutionary War. Due to their geographic location, they primarily fought on the Canadian front against British forces penetrating the border.[8] According to Jeremiah Colburn, a Boston-based numismatist, Chipman was designated first lieutenant in a new regiment created by Colonel Seth Warner. The regiment joined the rest of the forces at Ticonderoga in March of 1777.[9]

Chipman’s barn was actually involved in the Revolution as well. When the British came into Middlebury during the war, they attempted to burn down the barn.[10] They failed in their attempt because the wood was so newly-harvested that it was still green and would not combust. On top of the British attempting to burn the barn, a local Native American population tried to burn it down as well and also failed. Though Sheldon documented the Native American attempt in his journal of acquisitions, he gave no indication as to when they tried to destroy the barn. Even after the British and Native American attacks, Chipman’s barn outlived his life as he passed away in 1829 at the age of 85.[11] Henry Sheldon managed to procure a piece of the barn for his chair on January 19th, 1883.[12] Being the second spindle and thus the second relic featured, clearly Chipman’s legacy was very important to Sheldon and the rest of the Middlebury community.

Henry Sheldon was able to compile an impressive history of the town of Middlebury and was able to capture what happened throughout its early existence. It only makes sense that Sheldon would decide to include a relic from one of the town’s first free-standing buildings that was built by the founder of the town itself. Sheldon procured the relic of the barn from Peter Goodrich, who donated the sample on January 19, 1884, as recorded in Sheldon’s ledger.

Goodrich was a Vermont-born carpenter who lived from 1821-1892 when he passed away in Middlebury, VT.[13] The Chipman Barn spindle ties the significance of Sheldon’s relic chair back to the town of Middlebury itself in a profound way. Even though the barn currently does not stand, the inclusion of the spindle in Sheldon’s chair ensures the lasting legacy that Chipman had on Middlebury.

-Grayson W. Ahl ‘19.5

Footnotes

[1] Henry Sheldon, “Chipman Biography in Portrait Scrap Book,” 1884, Sheldon Museum Archive.

[2] Jeremiah Colburn, “Biographical Portfolio: Colonel John Chipman,” Flag of our Union, June 13th, 1868.

[3] Henry Sheldon, “Chipman Biography in Face Scrap Book,” 1884, Sheldon Museum Archive.

[4] Ibid.

[5] Samuel Swift, History of the town of Middlebury: In the county of Addison, Vermont (A.H. Copeland, 1859): 194.

[6] Jeremiah Colburn, “Biographical Portfolio: Colonel John Chipman,” Flag of our Union 23 (13 June 1868): 375.

[7] Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica, “Green Mountain Boys,” Encyclopedia Britannica, accessed January 28th, 2018. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Green-Mountain-Boys

[8]  Colburn, “Biographical Portfolio: Colonel John Chipman.”

[9] Ibid.

[10] Henry Sheldon, “Sheldon’s Log Book,” 1884, Sheldon Museum Archive.

[11] Henry Sheldon, “Chipman Biography in Face Scrap Book,” 1884, Sheldon Museum Archive.

[12] Ibid.

[13] “Peter Foster Goodrich.” Find a Grave, accessed January 23rd, 2018. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/173458006.

Works Cited

“Green Mountain Boys,” Encyclopedia Britannica, accessed January 28th, 2018. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Green-Mountain-Boys

“Peter Foster Goodrich.” Find a Grave, accessed January 23rd, 2018. https://www.findagra ve.com/memorial/173458006.

Swift, Samuel, “History of the town of Middlebury: In the county of Addison, Vermont.” Page 194. (A.H. Copeland, 1859), Ebook edition.

Colburn, Jeremiah, “Biographical Portfolio: Colonel John Chipman.” Flag of Our Union 23, no. 24 (13 Jun. 1868): 375.