A miniature in a Book of Hours, known as the Book of the Virgin because of its depiction of the Virgin Mary.

 

 

 

Book of Hours A popular book amongst Christians in the Middle Ages. These books were normally written in latin and contained psalms, prayers and a calendar of events. Most Books of Hours contain few decorations, however wealthy people often had paintings and contained miniatures.

 

 

Portrait of Alfonso XI.

 

 

 

Alfonso XI Alfonso XI of Castile ruled over Castile from 1313 to 1350. He is commonly referred to as the Avenger because of the quells he repressed of nobles in his early reign. He was a part of the Burgundy house and was a Catholic. He is known for strengthening the power of the royal family.

 

 

fake news Fake news is a fairly new phenomenon in which false information is broadcast in newspapers, news channels, magazines or social media and is published with the intent to mislead viewers into believing a certain idea. Fake news has become more prevalent with the current political climate in America and other countries as well as the availability of technology and information.

Coin depicting Franco with the inscription “Caudillo De Espana”.

 
El Caudillo A word used to describe Francisco Franco during his rule. Translated to be “Ruler”, “Dictator”, or “Strongman”. Historically this term is associated with military success, respect of important people and a personalist rule.

pacto de olvido The translation of “the pact of forgetting” made in Spain after the rule of Fancisco Fanco in an attempt to not deal with the repercussions of the politics made under his rule.

 

 

 

 

James Franco A well known American actor.