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Title of Article: Escalation and Its Development
This article discusses conflict escalation and the five processes by which they take place:
- Issues grow rapidly increasing intensity of conflict,
- Parties become committed to struggle,
- Specific issues turn into general statements,
- The desire to succeed changes to desire to win that changes into desire to hurt,
- The number of participants involved in conflict grows increasing conflict intensity.
The authors also writes of two models of escalation: the contender-defender model where one side has a goal of creating change that places it in conflict with the other party. The other is the conflict spiral when escalation results from a circle of action and reaction. (104)
This article speaks about escalation and defines it as the use of progressively heavier tactics increasing the intensity of conflict. The authors outline the five ways that conflict transformations result in escalation. He also writes of using two escalation models to understand the processes and conflict within those models. (49)
This article speaks about five conflict transformations that result in escalation. The authors also outlines two escalation models that help understand the conflict and its process. (26)
Reference: Pruitt, Dean G. Kim, Sung Hee. 2004. Pg 87-100. “Social Conflict: Escalation, Stalemate, and Settlement.”