Author Archives: Kelly Donovan

I speak Spanish, right?

This blog post is meant to be a reflection of the process of conducting a needs assessment… Which we did (Team Nicaragua) via questionnaires, emails, and an interview. While I learned a lot about needs assessments (like which questions to put on the questionnaires and in hindsight questions I SHOULD have included in the questionnaire) I think the cross-cultural and cross-lingual aspects were more profound for me.

We set up our initial Skype session with one of the administrators of SONATI early on in the needs assessment process. As a group we were super excited! I was excited too. But then I realized how long it has been since I had used Spanish in any sort of oral communicative activity; approximately 2 years. Most people don’t know, but my undergraduate degree is in Spanish. I studied 7 and ½ years of Spanish in high school and college. The first three countries I traveled to outside of the US were Spanish speaking countries. Most people who know me now, know of my Chinese abilities and my trips to Taiwan and China. Most presume I studied Chinese in undergrad. Which I did, but that wasn’t my major.

Choosing this project with Nicaragua was a major shift back to my early language learning career, especially when there was an option to choose Taiwan again. I figured I would have the opportunity to practice my Spanish. And I was totally not wrong about that.

We were waiting for the Skype call for like 30 minutes when I had to laugh to myself about the differences in the concepts of ‘on time’ between Americans and Latin culture. Finally, we just took the initiative to call and see if SONATI would answer. We were Skyping with a young woman who helps run the SONATI program… who may or may not know English. Regardless of this ambiguity, we conducted the entire interview in Spanish. And at the end she told me how great my Spanish was and how much of a relief it was that we could speak Spanish.

This was shocking for me. The whole interview I was super conscious of the fact that I was making so many mistakes and grasping for words that used to be readily available in my mind. Some sentences were halting half way because I was forming them with Chinese word order which doesn’t transfer (shocker!). I tried to rationalize the fact that we still accomplished everything we needed to and she understood everything I said, and I understood everything she said. But… I am no where near as fluent in Spanish as I used to be. And that is very upsetting for me.

Further in the needs assessment process, we got student responses on the questionnaire that Catherine created. The open ended question allowed the students the opportunity to tell us why they were learning English. Their responses included things like “I want to make something of myself,” and “I want something good in life.” Completely heart wrenching. It got so real that we were creating something in this class that SONATI is actually going to try to implement. It also reminded me why I originally wanted to become an English teacher. I want to help students who can’t afford private tutors or the better schools. It makes me incredibly excited for Peace Corps, yet resentful of the fact that I will have so many loans when I graduate. I’ll have to work for students who can pay me to be there to work off my loans before I can go back to working with children who need opportunities and someone to listen and give them a chance.

I am so glad that I chose the Nicaragua project. The administration are passionate, the students are eager, and the opportunity to make a difference is there. I can’t wait for the next stage of the curriculum design process.

Kelly’s Pedagogical Repertoire

Below is the link to the PDF of my Pedagogical Repertoire. It is a list I began compiling of teaching activities while I was in Taiwan. I break it down into the skills covered (reading, speaking, listening, writing) and whether or not it is for introducing materials or review, number of students, a description, and possible variations. I hope you enjoy and find these useful! If you need clarification on anything or would like copies of the PPTs or lesson plans these games have accompanied in the past please let me know :).

Kelly’s_Pedagogical_Repertoire

21st Century Skype-Pal Exchange

​In Friday’s class Peter introduced project based learning tasks, skills and designing. He used a lot of problem solving and interpersonal skills to help us learn about project based learning on our own. He used three activities to help us understand different approaches and frameworks for designing project-based instruction.

The first activity had us working in groups to match various project related vocabulary to their definitions. There were approximately 20 phrases with paired definitions. Peter walked around to check in with groups and help with the pairings. He asked students to report some of the pairings after.

The next activity had us organizing small pieces of paper with brief descriptions of projects on them. We first organized them into 3 categories: unit projects, course long projects or both. Using the same project descriptions we worked together to reorganize them into four categories relating to the kind of community interaction that the project encourages: classroom, classroom and campus, classroom and local community, and classroom and the global community.

The final activity was a play on apples-to-apples. Each group was given 2 sets of cards. One with a description of the contexts that could have project based learning activities and the other with a description of projects that could potentially be applied to those contexts. There were also wild cards in this category which could only be used if the player made up a project. The game proceeded with each player submitting a project to the newly turned over context cards. We would vote on the best pair and the player that added that project card would get the cards.

Finally, Peter had us collaboratively create our own projects after looking at several example overviews of projects.
Below is the lesson that we created.

Skype-Pal

Annabelle, Gerri, and I wanted to create a project-based course that would be applicable to our future career goals. We all wanted to focus on EFL (teaching abroad). We all had experience teaching beginners but at different ages; we compromised and chose to focus on middle school.

We designed this project for classrooms that are in an area with limited access to native speakers of English and need to improve their speaking and listening fluency in a conversation course. We imagined co-planning between two countries where the only mutual language would be English, but the learner’s proficiency and ages were very similar. The conversation course would focus on cross-cultural relations and awareness.

This project is designed to be started a few weeks into the beginning of the semester where students are producing and memorizing basic sentences. The first week of the project would be to introduce the partner school and explain to the students that they will be receiving a “Skype-Pal” to practice conversation with. The first week prepares them for the Skyping interaction and activating the country/culture previous knowledge. The following weeks all follow the same format with slight variation in activities to reduce repetition while still maintaining scaffolding.

Mondays focus on reflecting on previous week’s Skype session and introducing new vocabulary for the given topic (Food, hobbies, holidays, family, around the house, around the school, etc.). Tuesdays will focus on reviewing vocabulary and introducing sentence structures/grammar patterns. Wednesdays will be “practice with a partner” day; getting the students used to producing the language. Thursdays will be “prep” days in which they think about the possible questions they will ask their Skype partners and make predictions about what will be the same and different between the two countries. Fridays will be dedicated to Skyping and note taking on their partner’s responses.

The semester ends with an oral presentation/introduction of their language partner using all the vocabulary and conversations learned over the term.

We hope this project will be helpful for other English teachers who are teaching conversation classes abroad! We think it can be highly adaptable for different levels and topic of conversation.

We felt that Peter’s lesson was a well scaffolded introduction to project based learning. The activities allowed us to see examples of different kinds of projects and understand the goals, times frames and settings that would be appropriate for those projects. We also felt the opportunity to practice curriculum and project planning was very useful for our own understanding of how to begin the project based learning process.
-Kelly, Annabelle, and Gerri

Informal Observation #2

I observed a beginner’s Arabic BUILD class. There were two students. The class consisted of various activities. The first was recapping the Arabic alphabet by asking students if they had any questions about them. The teacher made relevant associations to English sounds to describe sounds that didn’t exist in English such as “foggy glass H” and “hairball H”. He also showed the IPA for the letters on the computer school. The next activity had a list of soda names that in are similar sounding between English and Arabic. Students had to figure out which sodas there were on the paper. Then they discussed the two different writing systems for numbers in Arabic. He then explains that in Arab countries they have funny commercials during Ramadan much like our Super Bowl commercials. They then discussed what is Ramadan and the cultural importance of the holiday. He then played the Pepsi and Coke Commercials. He then handed out a list of restaurant vocabulary and a restaurant menu for the students to see what they could identify. Lastly, a list of numbers was provided and the restaurant vocabulary and the numbers were repeated by the students.

Reflection:

I like the cultural aspect and lessons that were incorporated into the lesson. The identifying of vocabulary before the lists were provided was also nice and used the alphabet to challenge students appropriately. I only wish there had been more time and classes per week for students to have more oral production.

“Are we going to get a worksheet for YOUR language too?”

Teaching Vietnamese at Bay View Academy on Friday was fantastic.

I haven’t taught children since leaving Taiwan this past summer. After being bogged down in research, theory, and data collection all semester it was a great reminder of why I joined the program.

Minh and I taught 4th and 5th graders a lesson about the Tet holiday in Vietnam. We kept the lesson plan simple with activities and flash cards. The students really enjoyed guessing the meaning of the words and practicing the words with their classmates.

I think the most profound moment for me was when a student raise his hand asked “Are we going to get a worksheet for YOUR language too?” We had just finished passing out the worksheet for Vietnamese and he figured that Minh was teaching Vietnamese and I would be teaching another language. But, I told him that “Oh no, I’m teaching Vietnamese too! My Vietnamese is GREAT”. This made the children realize that although I don’t look like I could be a speaker of Vietnamese that it is a possibility. They started listing off languages that they could speak.

But he was right, my Vietnamese is the same level as his and his pronunciation is now better than mine! But it was cool to teach a language I don’t speak and to see how quickly the students learned things that took me three weeks to master.

Informal observation #1

  • Day and Time: Monday, Nov 2nd 2015, 1:00-2:50pm
  • Program: DGPA Taiwan through Custom Language Services at MIIS
  • Instructor: Sean Curran
  • Class: International/Intercultural Negotiation
  • students: Advanced English language proficiency, all Taiwanese Government workers, adults with high level of education in their L1

seanclass

room set up key: green circle: instructor; red circles: students; yellow circle: observer from the Taiwan government; gray circle: me; arcs: teacher walking route; black outlines: group division for group work; red square: computer; green rectangle: white board; red rectangle: projector screen; blue rectangles: desks

Class structure:
Classtime was divided into three sections: defining the elements of the “Negotiation Problem” as a class/lecture style with examples (28m), group work to identify a Negotiation problem and define its elements (40m), sharing with class what they did in group work (30m).

Teacher Highlights: The instructor was super knowledgeable about the content  of negotiation. He also was rather adept at giving and providing positive feed back (i.e. “very interesting insight, do you want to add anything else?”) His notes were very well organized on the google doc. the students could follow along on their computers and read them in advance of class. Teacher was really good about taking notes on the board of the student’s examples and labeling them under the terms he wanted them to learn (i.e. interests, participants, stakeholders, BATNA’s). The class was content based instruction, the acquiring of language was secondary in focus to the content.

Awareness for classroom environment: the computer was really far away from the screen/teaching space. The projector would go off every 10 minutes of inactivity and the instructor would have to run back and forth to correct the issue. Made teaching awkward. The instructor often spoke very fast and would have to go back and repeat concepts that were over the student’s level of comprehension. For a teacher not necessarily trained in ESL but in business he did a very good job of recognizing the issue and rephrasing his lecture to meet the students needs. The projector screen also got in the way of sight-lines quite often.

Integration into my own teaching: the instructor helped give me an idea about how to run a content-based lesson. I think the group work and collaboration allowed for the students to use the language defined for them in English to accomplish a task relevant to their areas of work. The instructor was also able to check comprehension by walking around the groups and asking clarifying questions. I think the lesson was appropriate to learner level and comprehension.

 

Direct Method: Reflection on Critical Language Scholarship

Today in class we talked about the “Direct” method of teaching language in which the focus is on pronunciation, oral production of the language, speaking in full sentences, no use of the L1, and communication.

In 2012, I participated in the Critical Language Scholarship program in Beijing, China. There were 30 of us placed in Beijing. We all took placement tests. I got a 9 on the placement test. Yes, a nine. This meant I should be in the 100 level (I got a nine because I was illiterate).  My speaking skills however, were pretty good. So, the professors instead of putting me in the 200 level (because they didn’t offer 100), put me in the 300 level! Logical, I know. We lived with host families and we signed an infamous language pledge. The pledge basically said something like, “I will henceforth use only the target language (Mandarin Chinese) in all aspects of communication (written and spoken). If I am caught breaking the language pledge, I will receive a warning. If I am caught again, I will be sent back home and I will owe the US government the equivalent of their investment in me.” AKA, speak Chinese or go home and owe about 5,000USD to the government. No thanks.

Class time was relatively easy for me, though. We had classes that were completely orally based (unless you took notes). Remember, my spoken Chinese is better than my illiteracy at this point. The teacher would do some of that point and flick technique that we saw in the Greek video. But she also constantly yelled “说句子“ (speak in full sentences) when we just answered with “yes” or “no”. But maybe she should have not asked dichotomous questions?

Outside of class however, it was a struggle. I was illiterate and I some how had to manage to learn all the characters from 100 level and 200 level while simultaneously learning the 300 level characters for our weekly exam.

Regardless of all this, this was the most positive experience of language study that I have ever had. Class time was spent practicing with someone who would actually correct my pronunciation and explain grammar patterns and make us speak to each other. The language pledge (while not ensuring we don’t think in our L1s) made sure we kept practicing all the time. But we did make our own “Chinese Slang” because we were, in fact, still thinking in our L1s. We wanted to be able to say “duh” and “word on the street is” so we made it up in Chinese. Which, although cool, isn’t necessarily the purpose of the Direct Method. Outside of class, I got to work on things that could be done independently, that took more individual time, I didn’t slow anyone down or impede their learning based on my lack of character knowledge.

I think if the Direct Method is used in combination with techniques that teach grammar and writing and reading skills, it can be very useful. And while, the language pledge didn’t switch our brains from one language to the other, it did help us consciously recognize the need to TRY speaking and practicing what we had learned.

Osaka University Students’ Presentations

Narrative:

Today in class we met with 5 students from Osaka university. They were part of a four week immersive language course focusing on public speaking. We divided the class into five tables. There were five TESOL/TFL students per Japanese student at a table. My table sat with Shinji who focused on virology and veterinarian (which he had to teach me how to spell) science. We had a conversation about what he was nervous about in regards to public speaking. He told us to focus on his rate of speech, word choice, logic/thought processes. The students then took turns presenting and taking questions. After all presentations, we gave him feedback based on his requested areas. Then Brandon (one of their teachers) explained the process that led them to the presentation stage today.

Reflection:

I was really happy to apply things we learned in phonology in Language Analysis with the pronunciation aspect. Although it wasn’t something he asked us to focus on, I still picked up on it. There was a moment where, during introductions, we heard him say he studies biology. However, during his presentation we realized, because it was written on the screen, that he studies virology. We then had to figure out where the mistakes were (the r/l blends happening in Asian languages, the intonation, the variations of the pronunciation of virology, etc.). We also got a chance to glimpse the final result of a curriculum and to get insight into the process that led there. I also realized how much I miss teaching.

Alligator River: group roles

What we did:

Today in class we all participated in a lesson plan called “Alligator River”. We divided into groups (in our case there were 4 people). We assigned ourselves different roles; Kendall was time-manager, Gerri was note-taker, and I through victory of rock-paper-scissors became the turn-manager (Josiah was left to be active participant in conversation).

We then took out two pieces of paper, one labeled “agree”, the other labeled “disagree”, and rotated each paper between members writing down possible verbal and nonverbal ways to agree or disagree. We then came together as a class and categorized these utterances into categories of formality and sensitivity.

Next, we prepared for a debate by listening to the story of Alligator river with the instructions to rate each character from least horrible to most horrible. We then had to come to a group consensus about the ranking.

Hypothetical continuance of plan: groups listen to a recording of the debate and record real usage of the agreement and disagreement utterances, four corners to play into learning styles, and reflection journal.

What I learned/appreciated:

I learned that it is really important to practice and integrate the roles of each group member if this is going to be a part of your classroom routine. While my group was successful at completing the task, it was just barely within time limits. It was really difficult to remember what your role in the group was when everyone was very animatedly discussing and participating. I would have to stop myself and take a mental check of when the last time each person spoke was, and offer a turn to the quieter members, or remind members of whose turn it was and not to interrupt. I also have problem of wanting to control EVERY aspect of the group, so I found myself taking notes, and checking time. I feel like with more practice I can concentrate more on participating in the discussion while not forgetting my role and the other members can also be aware of their jobs to increase productivity.

I also appreciated how complex this lesson plan was. It had various elements that all played into  “disagree and agree” while still incorporating speaking, listening, reading (in the corners), and writing.

 

Harry Potter (theme) group roles

Josiah, Gerri, Kendall, Kelly

Group work can go two ways: catastrophic failure or epic winning.

One way to make group work less painful and more successful is the constant integration into class time. The class seating chart can be arranged into groups so the students are unwittingly, constantly improving their group work skills. Classroom setup can include themes which can help facilitate group competition, incentive, and group roles.

For example: each table can represent one “house” from Harry Potter and gain points for their team during class activities. Being in groups habitually, takes away the novelty and prepares students for group work outside of class.

Within each group, the students can assign themselves roles (also based on theme) to help facilitate the group work. For example, we made the labels “Keeper” (in charge of notes, material collection), “Beater” (time keeping, moral boosting, time management), “Seeker” (collect data, information, from notes/google/etc.  for group), “Chaser” (overall goals for day, task completion [in long range], turn taker control). Having defined roles will keep everyone participating and on task during class time, and help students manage tasks outside of class for group projects.

IMG_0266