For the past 8 or so years, the nonprofit conservationist organization Protect the Adirondacks has been locked in a contentious lawsuit against the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and the Adirondack Park agency. The state Court of Appeals finally made a ruling just this past May in favor of Protect the Adirondacks. The subject that caused this much contention in the court systems was the construction of snowmobile trails. The construction of such trails did not directly contradict written elements of the New York State Constitution, though it was correctly the responsibility of the courts to interpret the spirit of the law. As such, the ultimate ruling was what was best for the conservation of Adirondack wilderness. 

For reference, it is first necessary to know that Article 14 of the New York State Constitution, the “forever wild” clause, states that the Adirondack woods “shall not be leased, sold or exchanged, or be taken by any corporation, public or private, nor shall the timber thereon be sold, removed or destroyed.” In order to construct these snowmobile trails, it would be necessary to cut down a significant amount of forest. This is where the premise of the lawsuit came from, as Protect the Adirondacks argued that cutting down around 1,000 trees per mile of trail, as well as the manipulation of the land to create the slopes of the trails, violated the “forever wild” clause. 

While this may seem like an obvious violation of the clause, lower courts ruled in favor of the defense on multiple occasions. The reasons were that the amount of tree cutting was less than other cases that had not been taken to court, and also vague phrasing in the original constitution specifically protected larger, healthier trees, whereas trail construction would harm mostly smaller trees. The specific wording of this clause of the constitution is exceptionally vague, and so it is hard to find any concrete evidence against the construction of such trails or to point out any specific violations.

However, as is the case with many old documents, it would be impossible for those who wrote the originals to anticipate problems centuries into the future. The construction of these trails certainly violates the spirit of the “forever wild” clause. The clause was written for a reason, and so rather than finding loopholes in old wording, it should be our responsibility to maintain the purpose of the laws in the first place. Even with relatively vague wording, it is also abundantly clear that trail construction contradicts this clause. 

The final decision of the Court of Appeals was that regardless of the size of individual trees, cutting down that much forest would have significant negative impacts on the ecosystem without immediately benefiting the general public. Old documents ultimately need to be interpreted through a modern lens. A lot is possible when taking advantage of strange wording. Also, the argument that past cases, with worse violations, had not been taken to court seems illogical since we cannot correct for those mistakes. Regardless, the final decision was the right one, and it’s quite frankly a little bit discouraging that it took so long to come to.

Works Cited

“Article 14 Lawsuit Update.” Protect the Adirondacks!, 25 Apr. 2021, https://www.protectadks.org/article-14-lawsuit-update/ 

Cerbone, Aaron. “New York’s Highest Court Rules against Dec Tree Cutting.” New York’s Highest Court Rules against DEC Tree Cutting | News, Sports, Jobs – Adirondack Daily Enterprise, https://www.adirondackdailyenterprise.com/news/local-news/2021/05/nys-highest-court-rules-against-dec-tree-cutting-restricting-future-trail-work/ . 

The 1980 Olympics, hosted in Lake Placid, New York, produced a series of iconic moments including the “Miracle on Ice,” as the U.S. men’s hockey team defeated the heavily favored Russian squad. We generally look back on these Olympic games quite fondly, though the brief period in which Lake Placid was a bustling Olympic village was surrounded by periods of great controversy. Despite this, the impact of the 1980 Olympics has been overall positive and is a large component of culture in Lake Placid to this day.

One of the perks of building in Lake Placid in the first place was that they already boasted significant athletic facilities, and as such the Olympics would be cheaper to fund. In approving the budget for the games, Congress instituted a secondary mission to build structures that would not be abandoned soon after the games concluded, which proved more difficult. It was a struggle to build something practical in a town that originally consisted of 3,000 people. This period in time happened to align with a significant increase in incarcerations in the U.S., which the government addressed by building more prisons. Logically, the best proposed plan was to convert the Olympic Village into a prison. 

The housing for the athletes very much embodied that mission. Rooms resembled cells, shaped as small rectangles with solid concrete walls, bunk beds, even sporting a single, tiny window with a steel bar running down the middle. The building was surrounded by electric fences. As such, some nations refused to house their athletes there, as it was a far worse residence than the villages of past games. Reception to the Olympic village was overwhelmingly negative, as people generally did not like the idea of a new prison in the area. An activist group formed under the acronym STOP (Stop the Olympic Prison), filing a lawsuit that threatened to stop construction on the village. But since the Olympics were a massive operation, construction went on, and to this day what used to be the Olympic village is a prison that houses about 1,000 inmates.

Despite this controversy, we don’t see this side of the story dominating the narrative around the town today. The town of Lake Placid itself is thriving, becoming a popular destination for tourists and winter athletes alike. Even prisons themselves are necessary and as bizarre as it was to have the Olympic village in that form, the prison succeeded in bringing purpose to a structure that would otherwise be abandoned, and brought jobs to the area. The Olympics inarguably brought economic prosperity to the area despite the number of year-round residents hardly changing since the games. It is difficult to argue that Lake Placid would be better off today without the Olympics, not to mention the joy and memories the games brought to the rest  of the world

Works Cited:

Nofil, Brianna. “The Forgotten Tale of How America Converted Its 1980 Olympic Village into a Prison.” Atlas Obscura, Atlas Obscura, 4 Nov. 2016, https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-time-that-the-us-turned-an-olympic-village-into-a-prison . 

Rielly, Kimberly. “The Olympics’ Impact on Lake Placid -.” The Adirondack Almanack, 25 Feb. 2014, https://www.adirondackalmanack.com/2014/01/moon-boots-miracles-olympics-impact-lake-placid.html . 

Sue Cameron. “The Olympic ‘Prison’ Story.” Lake Placid, Adirondacks, 22 Apr. 2019, https://www.lakeplacid.com/story/2016/02/olympic-prison-story . 

The 1980 Olympics, hosted in Lake Placid, New York, produced a series of iconic moments including the “Miracle on Ice,” as the U.S. men’s hockey team defeated the heavily favored Russian squad. We generally look back on these olympic games quite fondly, though the brief period in which Lake Placid was a bustling olympic village was surrounded by periods of great controversy. Despite this, the impact of the 1980 olympics has been overall positive and is a large component of culture in Lake Placid to this day.

One of the perks of building in Lake Placid in the first place was that they already boasted significant athletic facilities, and as such the Olympics would be cheaper to fund. In approving the budget for the games, Congress instituted a secondary mission to build structures that would not be abandoned soon after the games concluded, which proved more difficult. It was a struggle to build something practical in a town that originally consisted of 3,000 people. This period in time happened to align with a significant increase in incarcerations in the U.S., which the government addressed by building more prisons. Logically, the best proposed plan was to convert the Olympic Village into a prison. 

The housing for the athletes very much embodied that mission. Rooms resembled cells, shaped as small rectangles with solid concrete walls, bunk beds, even sporting a single, tiny window with a steel bar running down the middle. The building was surrounded by electric fences. As such, some nations refused to house their athletes there, as it was a far worse residence than the villages of past games. Reception to the olympic village was overwhelmingly negative, as people generally did not like the idea of a new prison in the area. An activist group formed under the acronym STOP (Stop the Olympic Prison), filing a lawsuit that threatened to stop construction on the village. But since the Olympics were a massive operation, construction went on, and to this day what used to be the Olympic village is a prison that houses about 1,000 inmates.

Despite this controversy, we don’t see this side of the story dominating the narrative around the town today. The town of Lake Placid itself is thriving, becoming a popular destination for tourists and winter athletes alike. Even prisons themselves are necessary, and as bizarre as it was to have the olympic village in that form, the prison succeeded in bringing purpose to a structure that would otherwise be abandoned, and brought jobs to the area. The Olympics inarguably brought economic prosperity to the area despite the amount of year-round residents hardly changing since the games. It is difficult to argue that Lake Placid would be better off today without the olympics, not to mention the joy and memories the games brought to the rest  of the world

Works Cited:

Nofil, Brianna. “The Forgotten Tale of How America Converted Its 1980 Olympic Village into a Prison.” Atlas Obscura, Atlas Obscura, 4 Nov. 2016, https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-time-that-the-us-turned-an-olympic-village-into-a-prison . 

Rielly, Kimberly. “The Olympics’ Impact on Lake Placid -.” The Adirondack Almanack, 25 Feb. 2014, https://www.adirondackalmanack.com/2014/01/moon-boots-miracles-olympics-impact-lake-placid.html . 

Sue Cameron. “The Olympic ‘Prison’ Story.” Lake Placid, Adirondacks, 22 Apr. 2019, https://www.lakeplacid.com/story/2016/02/olympic-prison-story . 

When we visit Lake George, my family often spends time driving up and down the sides of the Lake just to look at all of the houses. It is interesting to see just how much they vary, between the areas that have been completely cleared to show off a gigantic, white vacation home, to an equally large but more obscure brown house tucked away in the trees. Adirondack architecture certainly has some variety to it but most houses are also tied together by a common theme: that of rustic elegance. The camps that define Adirondack architecture, those same camps built by the Durant family centuries ago, are unique due to their rugged exterior, cozy interior, all while maintaining the finest, most delicate craftsmanship. 

Important to note is that this was the style of the wealthy people who inhabited the area,  not your average Adirondack resident. More traditional Adirondack homes were smaller and far less elaborate, though they shared some of the same characteristics as larger camps. They were made mostly from lumber that was local and easily accessible, sometimes with the outer walls showcasing the stereotypical look of overlapping logs. Like their more elaborate counterparts, they were designed more to blend in with the environment rather than stand out, which would become a key characteristic of Adirondack architecture. The theme of rustic elegance came from the fact that they were very minimalistic, and efficiently made use of whatever materials were most commonly available. They certainly had great influence on the camps that would come with the influx of tourists.

Image 1: An example of a more modest Adirondack residence. This specific cabin rests on the outskirts of Lake Placid. Notice the interlocking logs and simplistic style.

The Adirondack camps that have truly defined the style were those used by wealthy people as a vacation home and part-time residence, most often located on the shores of some lake or body of water. They often resemble ski lodges in style, with sharp, triangular shaped roofs, high ceilings, and in some cases, vast fireplaces. Most exterior colors are earthy, with some maintaining the finish of the wood from which they are made, and others opting to be painted in darker tones. The true Adirondack style blends in with the environment, and is meant to be integrated into the area around it. This is the reason why many houses are sheltered in the trees, and the ones in the open tend to share fewer characteristics of the Adirondack style. 

Image 2: Another cabin in Lake Placid, though much larger and more elaborate than the last. The design is more modern, incorporating larger windows and carefully layered brick. 

These days, Adirondack architecture has spread far outside only the Adirondack region. It has become a common staple in all sorts of mountainous areas, and possibly the most recognizable aspect is the popular Adirondack chair, which is found all over the country. This style has had a significant impact on lodging and hotels, especially out west, hence why Adirondack camps can sometimes feel like ski lodges. Modern architecture has generally evolved to be more minimalistic and elegant, and like fine wine, Adirondack architecture has only become more elegant with the passage of time.

Works Cited
Smith, Stephanie, “Adirondack Architecture” [lecture], Architecture IV [class], Ethical Culture Fieldston School, Fall 2018.

For the past 8 or so years, the nonprofit conservationist organization Protect the Adirondacks has been locked in a contentious lawsuit against the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and the Adirondack Park agency. After being dismissed, re-examined, and appealed multiple times, the state Court of Appeals finally made a ruling just this past May. Perhaps surprisingly, the subject that caused this much contention in the court systems was the construction of snowmobile trails.

For reference, it is first necessary to know that Article 14 of the New York State Constitution, the “forever wild” clause, states that the Adirondack woods “shall not be leased, sold or exchanged, or be taken by any corporation, public or private, nor shall the timber thereon be sold, removed or destroyed.” In order to construct these snowmobile trails, it would be necessary to cut down a significant amount of forest. This is where the premise of the lawsuit came from, as Protect the Adirondacks argued that cutting down around 1,000 trees per mile of trail, as well as the manipulation of the land to create the slopes of the trails, violated the “forever wild” clause. 

While this may seem like an obvious violation of the clause, lower courts ruled in favor of the defense on multiple occasions. The reasons were that the amount of tree cutting was less than other cases that had not been taken to court, and also vague phrasing in the original constitution specifically protected larger, healthier trees, whereas trail construction would harm mostly smaller (but not less ecologically important) trees. 

The argument in favor of the prosecution, as I just hinted at, is that these trees regardless of size are necessary to maintain forest ecosystems. Building these snowmobile trails would require cutting down approximately 25,000 trees over a single 27-mile trail, with more to come in the future should the court side with the defense. These trails would also require a significant amount of work on the ground of the woods in terms of shaping and flattening, and would certainly harm the Adirondack forests. 

The final decision of the Court of Appeals was that regardless of the size of individual trees, cutting down that much forest would have significant negative impacts on the ecosystem without immediately benefiting the general public. As the highest court in the state, this decision was final, which put an end to the 8-year long lawsuit. The decision put an end to the construction of a trail in progress, saving 7 miles of forest, and will prevent more trails of this nature from being constructed in the future. It is certainly satisfying to see a decision in favor of the conservation of the forest. 

Works Cited

“Article 14 Lawsuit Update.” Protect the Adirondacks!, 25 Apr. 2021, https://www.protectadks.org/article-14-lawsuit-update/ 

Cerbone, Aaron. “New York’s Highest Court Rules against Dec Tree Cutting.” New York’s Highest Court Rules against DEC Tree Cutting | News, Sports, Jobs – Adirondack Daily Enterprise, https://www.adirondackdailyenterprise.com/news/local-news/2021/05/nys-highest-court-rules-against-dec-tree-cutting-restricting-future-trail-work/ . 

An interesting footnote in the History of the French and Indian War was the Battle of the Snowshoes, fought in the winter of 1758.  For some context surrounding the battle, the fighting occurred near the top of Lake George, just south of Fort Ticonderoga, which at the time was under French control. The lake was a crucial point of control for either side, as it was a few miles from the Hudson River and fed into Lake Champlain, and so the side that controlled these connections controlled a significant portion of transport between New York City and Quebec. However, this battle was said to have occurred during March, a time when the Adirondack wilderness was covered in deep snow and the Lake was frozen over. 

This is a story that I have heard countless times, as my extended family is from the Glens Falls area and I spent significant time on Lake George growing up. However, as is often the case with old folktales, I rarely hear the same rendition of the story twice. There is a strong possibility that such a battle did occur given the amount of warfare that took place on the lake; however, the details have likely been embellished over generations. 

Colonial forces were stationed near the south side of the lake, and a small force was sent north on a scout mission towards Fort Ticonderoga. The troop was led by Captain Rogers, who, in the stories I have heard, was comparable to Odysseus as a leader. He was said to be daring, tough, and incredibly cunning, with the latter narrative being established in this battle. He had led his troops up and over the mountains on the western side of the lake until they were spotted by French scouts at the site that is now Rogers Rock (which, by the way, is a beautiful hike and rock climbing destination if you ever find yourself in the area). 

Image: The southeast face of Rogers Rock, where Captain Rogers supposedly executed his brilliant escape.

Upon spotting Rogers, the French sent a combined French and Native American force that easily outnumbered the colonial troops. Many soldiers fell on both sides, and not even the daring Robert Rogers could justify continuing to fight. Severely outnumbered, the colonial troops were forced to retreat south back through the deep snow, with few surviving that endeavor. Rogers, however, just barely avoided capture. As the story goes, Rogers, equipped with snowshoes, was chased by a small Native American troop, found himself exhausted, overlooking the steep rock face now known as Rogers Rock. 

This is where the story breaks into its different versions. One version has Rogers sliding down the face to the ice below and miraculously surviving and escaping pursuit. The more accepted story is that Rogers walked up to the edge of the cliff, slid his backpack down to the lake, then walked backward, retracing his snowshoe tracks and scaling a tree. Upon discovering the scene, the enemies saw the footprints leading up to the ledge and the slide trail left by the backpack, promptly assumed that Rogers had died, and gave up pursuit. Rogers would hike back unscathed. 

As such, the mountain was named Rogers Rock, and that face is called Rogers Slide. Nowadays, Rogers Rock is a popular campground, and as I briefly mentioned, a popular hike. It is my duty to make sure that this story lives on, so be sure to tell anyone and everyone the tale of Captain Rogers. 

Works Cited

“Battle of Rogers Rock.” Battle on Snowshoes : New York State Independence Trail: French & Indian and Revolutionary War Tourism Sites, http://nyindependencetrail.org/stories-Battle-of-Rogers-Rock.html . 

The 1980 Olympics, hosted in Lake Placid, New York, produced a series of iconic moments including the “Miracle on Ice,” as the U.S. men’s hockey team defeated the heavily favored Russian squad. We generally look back on these olympic games quite fondly, though the brief period in which Lake Placid was a bustling olympic village was surrounded by periods of great controversy. 

One of the perks of building in Lake Placid in the first place was that they already boasted significant athletic facilities, and as such the Olympics would be cheaper to fund. In approving the budget for the games, Congress instituted a secondary mission to build structures that would not be abandoned soon after the games concluded, which proved more difficult. It was a struggle to build something practical in a town that originally consisted of 3,000 people. This period in time happened to align with a significant increase in incarcerations in the U.S., which the government addressed by building more prisons. Logically, the best proposed plan was to convert the Olympic Village into a prison. 

The housing for the athletes very much embodied that mission. Rooms resembled cells, shaped as small rectangles with solid concrete walls, bunk beds, even sporting a single, tiny window with a steel bar running down the middle. The building was surrounded by electric fences. The resemblance was uncanny, and was certainly controversial amongst the participating countries, and logically this was met with significant backlash. An activist group formed under the acronym STOP (Stop the Olympic Prison), filing a lawsuit that threatened to stop construction on the village. But since the Olympics were a massive operation, construction went on, and to this day what used to be the Olympic village is a prison that houses about 1,000 inmates.

It’s unbelievable how much this information seems to be swept under the rug. Sources on the subject are few and far between, with the dominant narrative being how charming the town of Lake Placid is today. To be fair, Lake Placid does seem to be thriving, maintaining the legacy born from the 1980 Olympics and now being a popular destination for tourists and winter athletes alike. The Olympics undoubtedly created economic opportunities in Lake Placid despite the amount of year-round residents hardly changing since the games. Ironically, the construction of the prison created plenty of local jobs as well. The effects of the Olympics have been overwhelmingly positive, and the controversy that existed seems to have been forgotten with time.

It was certainly surprising to uncover this story in my research, given the identity Lake Placid has as a remnant of an iconic olympics. Perhaps it is because the prison is a few miles from the town square itself, or maybe the media was successful in suppressing the prison narrative. Nevertheless, the story of the Lake Placid Olympics is a really unique, interesting footnote in the history of the Adirondacks.

Works Cited:

Nofil, Brianna. “The Forgotten Tale of How America Converted Its 1980 Olympic Village into a Prison.” Atlas Obscura, Atlas Obscura, 4 Nov. 2016, https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-time-that-the-us-turned-an-olympic-village-into-a-prison . 

Rielly, Kimberly. “The Olympics’ Impact on Lake Placid -.” The Adirondack Almanack, 25 Feb. 2014, https://www.adirondackalmanack.com/2014/01/moon-boots-miracles-olympics-impact-lake-placid.html . 

Sue Cameron. “The Olympic ‘Prison’ Story.” Lake Placid, Adirondacks, 22 Apr. 2019, https://www.lakeplacid.com/story/2016/02/olympic-prison-story . 

The American Beech tree is one of the dominant species of trees growing in Adirondack Park. They make up a significant portion of the forests in not only New York but also the rest of the northeast, being prominent all over New England and stretching across the Canadian Border. They are a significant part of the ecosystem, with the seeds being a large part of the diet of many herbivorous species and other parts serving a variety of purposes to humans. For example, their leaves can be boiled and eaten, and they are frequently used for their lumber (though the quality is only decent, and as such they are limited to building cheaper items). Regardless, they have been and hopefully will continue to hold their place in this ecosystem for the foreseeable future.

The threats to beech trees have been looming for over 50 years now, with strains of Beech Bark Disease (often abbreviated BBD) reaching the Adirondack Region in the late 1960s. Beech Bark Disease is caused by an insect called Cryptococcus fagisuga and a species of fungus, Nectria coccinea, that infest the bark and can weaken and kill the tree. The insects, which are invasive, typically bore deep into the tree, allowing space for the fungi to spread. The disease tends to primarily infect the largest beech trees, and as a result the Adirondack forests nowadays are filled with a combination of larger, infected trees, or small but thriving trees. 

Given the abundance of the American Beech, there is not much that can be done to stop or even slow the spread of this disease. However, it does not actually spread incredibly quickly, as the insects behind it are fairly immobile and spread mainly by wind. Though after 40 years, it has certainly spread enough to span the entire northeastern habitat of the American Beech. By 2000, approximately 90% of beech trees larger than 6 inches in diameter had been infected, proving how lethal this strain still is.

The trees, though, have developed a handful of creative measures to fight back against the disease. For example, when a tree is infected they frequently expand their root networks, producing more trees while infected. And although those smaller trees often get infected as well, it is still a somewhat effective form of resistance. Other trees have also developed various levels of tolerance to the disease, with some being completely resistant to the insects, some walling out the fungus, and a portion just developing tolerance to being infected. They have begun to fight back, but not without the sacrifice of the largest and strongest trees.

Beech Bark Disease should continue to spread across the northeastern wilderness, but the trees themselves should also hopefully develop stronger resistance to the disease. This case is one of countless examples of the importance of invasive species regulation, with these insects being introduced from Europe around the turn of the 20th Century. Tragically, it is difficult to intervene in this case as the scale of the infestation is so large. Beech trees will hopefully make the adjustment and should still remain prevalent in the northeast.

Works Cited:

“Trees of the Adirondacks: American Beech (Fagus Grandifolia).” Trees of the Adirondacks: American Beech | Fagus Grandifolia, https://wildadirondacks.org/trees-of-the-adirondacks-american-beech-fagus-grandifolia.html

 McNulty, Stacy A, and Raymond D Masters. “Changes to the Adirondack Forest: Implications … – Fs.fed.us.” Adirondack Ecological Center, https://www.fs.fed.us/ne/newtown_square/publications/technical_reports/pdfs/2005/331papers/mcnulty331.pdf 

​​“Beech Bark Disease .” The Adirondack Almanack, 21 Dec. 2017, https://www.adirondackalmanack.com/2017/12/beech-bark-disease.html

For the past 30 or so years, Lake George, in Warren County, NY, has been continuously monitored as a part of a larger water quality and conservation study. Renowned for its surprisingly high water quality for a lake of its size and popularity, the study began in 1980 with support from the FUND for Lake George, a nonprofit organization on the lake dedicated to its conservation. The findings were that the lake is in “remarkably good condition,” and as such it has been nicknamed the “Queen of American Lakes,” and is the subject of further research. 2013 marked the beginning of the Jefferson Project, a partnership between the FUND for Lake George, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and IBM.

The lake was chosen for this study because it is both conveniently located near RPI and there was seemingly much to learn regarding the conservation of other lakes given the success of Lake George. For example, beginning at the northern end of Lake George is the far more extensive Lake Champlain, which though much larger does not boast nearly the level of water quality. This project is far more advanced than the previous study, going far beyond the basic chemistry of the lake and rather studying the floor of the lake, food chains and ecosystems, as well as more accurately monitoring water quality and circulation. Sensors have been installed all down the 32 miles of the lake, which are seamlessly connected and report results to the researchers at RPI in real time.

Figure 1. An example of the data collected by the sensors on Lake George. Pictured here is a computer mapping of the floor of the lake.

Thus far, the results have been encouraging, though Lake George is clearly not immune to further pollution. Surprisingly, one of the larger threats to the lake is the amount of road salt that has trickled into the water. These deposits have increased the chloride concentration in the water by about 200%. However, arguably more concerning and difficult to control is the threat of algal blooms appearing in the lake. The sensors found that the amount of algae in the water has increased by 33%, and should they continue to spread they could wreak havoc on the lake much like they have in Lake Erie. Algal blooms cause a variety of problems from the smell and color of the water to harming the wildlife in the lake. Lake George is also a significant source of drinking water, and algal blooms have the potential to introduce various toxins into water supplies. Another area of concern is invasive species, which have also been devastating in bodies of water with limited regulations. Boats in Lake George undergo thorough inspection before entering the water because of this.

The Jefferson Project on Lake George will continue to serve as a model for conservation efforts on other bodies of water. The project has been so successful that IBM has expanded the project, investing 1 million dollars into a similar project on Chautauqua Lake. Meanwhile, the Jefferson Project on Lake George has provided vital information about a part of the state that is crucial to the tourism industry in New York.

Works Cited

“The Jefferson Project at Lake George.” Jefferson Project at Lake George |, jeffersonproject.rpi.edu/. 

Adkalmanack. “Landmark Study of Lake George Water Quality Released -.” The Adirondack Almanack, 21 Aug. 2014, www.adirondackalmanack.com/2014/08/landmark-study-of-lake-george-water-quality-released.html.