My sense is that this is a big unknown, because it is hard to anticipate just what kind of cases the Court will deal with in the future that have interstate commerce implications. Certainly, in theory, conservatives are pleased with Roberts’ more restricted reading of the clause. By ruling that mandating economic activity is not the same as regulating it, the Court definitely took a step back from the more expansive reading of this clause that had dominated previous court rulings until recently. But in the absence of a concrete case, it is hard to see just how significant this ruling is. Similarly, Roberts also walked the Court back from a more expansive use of the necessary and proper clause. In theory, this is a reaffirmation of the judicially-enforceable limits on Congress power, but we will have to wait and see what the practical implications will be. On the whole, I think conservatives have to be pleased about this aspect of the Roberts’ decision, and liberals a bit worried.